Bio-Pesticidal Potentials of Elaeis Guineensis l. Kernel Oil Against Cowpea Bruchid Callosobruchus Maculatus (fab.) on Stored Cowpea Vigna Unguiculata l. (walp) Seeds
Keywords:
Perforation, mortality, seed damage, weight loss, oviposition, progenyAbstract
The cowpea bruchids Callosobruchus maculatus L is the most devastating postharvest insect pest, which attacks cowpea both in the field and store leading to significant economic losses. Laboratory
experiments were conducted to determine the insecticidal effects of Elias guineensis kernel oil at five different application rates against Callosobruchus maculatus on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) seeds. Callosobruchus maculatus adult mortality, F1 progeny emergence, as well as the percentage (%) insect damage seeds, percentage weight loss, beetles perforation index and seed viability of cowpea seeds were assessed. The result revealed that sample treated with 0.8 ml /100g recorded the highest mortality rate of 66.67%, the least (8.33%) was recorded on the control. The oviposition was highest in the control with the mean of 2905.67 eggs while the least was on sample treated with 0.8 ml /100g with the mean of 122.33 eggs. The highest weight loss (24.27%) was recorded on the control while the least (1.00%) was recorded on sample treated with 0.8 ml /100g. The highest insect damaged seeds
(64.25%) were recorded on the control while the least (3.03%) was recorded on sample treated with 0.8 ml of oil /100g. F1 progeny emergence was highest in the control (305.00) and the least (11.00) was on sample treated with 0.8 ml/100 g. Germination was highest (100%) in the control while the least (20%) was on sample treated with 0.8 ml /100g. It was concluded that E. guineensis kernel oil is effective in reducing the attack and other negative effects of C. maculatus on stored cowpea seed and can be used as a safer alternative to toxic insecticides in the protection of cowpea seeds against this beetle.
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